Occupandomi di Archeologia Virtuale mi sono ritrovato varie volte a pormi una domanda: perché fare Archeologia in 3d?
La risposta comporta il necessario approfondimento di alcuni temi fondamentali, stranamente trascurati dalla divulgazione archeologica: la comunicazione e la percezione visiva.
I modelli tridimensionali e la Realtà Virtuale, infatti, affascinano così tanto perché danno la possibilità di visionare immediatamente una gran mole di dati: infatti gli studi sulla percezione suggeriscono che un modello tridimensionale riesce a simulare il modo in cui l'uomo apprende. Così, osservare su un monitor una ricostruzione, anche solo un filmato prodotto in precedenza (in attesa che gli strumenti per la visione in tempo reale risultino alla portata di tutti), riesce in qualche modo ad attivare la percezione senso-motoria, fondamentale per sentire e capire un luogo fisico.
Altro aspetto importante è quello economico, quali sono le tendenze del mercato? Esse vedono un crescente interesse verso il cosiddetto turismo culturale, un trend in controtendenza rispetto ad altri settori, che si interseca sempre più spesso con le nuove tecnologie. Il turista che visita i musei o gli scavi archeologici, ormai, prima di partire, raccoglie informazioni sui social network: è dunque molto sensibile all'uso delle nuove tecnologie, siano esse ricostruzioni, realtà aumentata o informazioni che riceve in loco sul telefono cellulare; infine, tornato a casa, recensirà a sua volta l'esperienza vissuta.
Si tratta di un tipo di turismo che spesso esce dai grandi circuiti, spesso si rivolge a piccole situazioni di provincia e si incrocia con il turismo enogastronomico, anch'esso fortemente in espansione.
Da ricerche di mercato effettuate dal Ministero dei Beni Culturali emerge una tendenza ben chiara: il settore turistico sta programmando investimenti per i prossimi anni proprio nel turismo culturale e nell'uso delle nuove tecnologie.
Queste domande mi hanno così spinto verso la ricerca di una metodologia specifica da utilizzare in campo archeologico.
Rispetto agli usi che si fanno attualmente del 3d in altri settori (cinema, videogiochi e grafica), nel settore dell'Archeologia ci si scontra, purtroppo, con alcune importanti difficoltà.
La prima riguarda il fattore economico. I software commerciali, infatti, hanno costi molto elevati, ed utilizzarli nella loro versione non originale, vista la mancanza di fondi, non avrebbe reso un prodotto vendibile sul mercato, per ovvie ragioni legali.
È necessario, dunque, elaborare una metodologia a basso costo affidandosi, dove possibile, a software open-source, freeware o dai costi accessibili.
Altro ostacolo incontrato, riguarda un aspetto prettamente tecnico: cioè una formazione universitaria archeologica non fornisce conoscenze tali da rendere un operatore un “tecnico”. Certamente è legittima l'applicazione dell'Informatica anche nel settore archeologico, così come ormai avviene in molti altri settori del nostro vivere quotidiano, ma bisogna tenere bene in considerazione il rischio di una totale sottomissione dell'Archeologia all'Informatica stessa.
E’ necessario, secondo me, realizzare ad una metodologia utilizzabile da un archeologo e ripetibile in qualunque contesto, che possa essere impiegata senza dover necessariamente seguire corsi specifici del settore informatico.
Essa deve trovare applicazione in quelle che devono essere le tre fasi fondamentali di un progetto di scavo archeologico: la ricerca, la programmazione e la divulgazione.
Massimiliano Montanari
English version by Google translator:
Massimiliano Montanari
English version by Google translator:
Why Archaeology 3d?
Virtual Archaeology, working on a number of times I found myself asking myself a question: why do Archaeology in 3d?The answer involves the necessary analysis of some key issues, strangely neglected by the disclosure archeological communication and visual perception.The three-dimensional models and virtual reality, in fact, are fascinating because they give so much the ability to immediately see a large amount of data: in fact, studies suggest that the perception of a three-dimensional model can simulate the way humans learn. So watching a reconstruction on a monitor, even a movie produced in the past (while waiting for the tools for real-time view prove to everyone), somehow manages to turn the perception of sensory-motor, which is essential to hear and understand a physical place.Another aspect of the economy, what are the trends of the market? They see a growing interest in the so-called cultural tourism, a trend contrasted with other areas that intersect more often with new technologies. Tourists who visit museums and archaeological excavations, now, before you leave, collect information on social networks, so it is very sensitive to new technologies, whether reconstruction, augmented reality on-site or the information it receives on the phone; Finally, back home, I review the experience itself.It is a type of tourism that often comes from large circuits, situations often is aimed at small towns and intersects with the food and wine tourism, which is also growing strongly.
Market research conducted by the Ministry of Culture shows that the trend clear: the tourism sector is planning investments for the coming years in its cultural tourism and the use of new technologies.These questions have so I pushed the search for a specific methodology to be used in the field of archeology.Compared to the uses that are currently in other areas of 3D (cinema, video games and graphics), Archaeology in clashes there, unfortunately, with some major difficulties.The first concerns the economic factor. The commercial software, in fact, have very high costs, and use them in their original version, given the lack of funds, would not make a sellable product on the market, for obvious legal reasons.It is therefore necessary to develop a methodology relying on low-cost, where possible, open-source software, freeware or affordable.Another obstacle encountered, concerns a purely technical aspect: that a university education does not provide archaeological knowledge to make an operator a "technical". Certainly it is also legitimate application of IT in the archaeological sector, as already happens in many other areas of our daily lives, but we must keep in view the risk of a total submission to Computer archeology itself.And 'necessary, in my opinion, to create a methodology used by an archaeologist and repeatable in any context that can be used without having to follow specific courses in the IT sector.It must be applied in what must be the three basic stages of an archaeological excavation project: research, planning and dissemination.
Massimiliano Montanari
Virtual Archaeology, working on a number of times I found myself asking myself a question: why do Archaeology in 3d?The answer involves the necessary analysis of some key issues, strangely neglected by the disclosure archeological communication and visual perception.The three-dimensional models and virtual reality, in fact, are fascinating because they give so much the ability to immediately see a large amount of data: in fact, studies suggest that the perception of a three-dimensional model can simulate the way humans learn. So watching a reconstruction on a monitor, even a movie produced in the past (while waiting for the tools for real-time view prove to everyone), somehow manages to turn the perception of sensory-motor, which is essential to hear and understand a physical place.Another aspect of the economy, what are the trends of the market? They see a growing interest in the so-called cultural tourism, a trend contrasted with other areas that intersect more often with new technologies. Tourists who visit museums and archaeological excavations, now, before you leave, collect information on social networks, so it is very sensitive to new technologies, whether reconstruction, augmented reality on-site or the information it receives on the phone; Finally, back home, I review the experience itself.It is a type of tourism that often comes from large circuits, situations often is aimed at small towns and intersects with the food and wine tourism, which is also growing strongly.
Market research conducted by the Ministry of Culture shows that the trend clear: the tourism sector is planning investments for the coming years in its cultural tourism and the use of new technologies.These questions have so I pushed the search for a specific methodology to be used in the field of archeology.Compared to the uses that are currently in other areas of 3D (cinema, video games and graphics), Archaeology in clashes there, unfortunately, with some major difficulties.The first concerns the economic factor. The commercial software, in fact, have very high costs, and use them in their original version, given the lack of funds, would not make a sellable product on the market, for obvious legal reasons.It is therefore necessary to develop a methodology relying on low-cost, where possible, open-source software, freeware or affordable.Another obstacle encountered, concerns a purely technical aspect: that a university education does not provide archaeological knowledge to make an operator a "technical". Certainly it is also legitimate application of IT in the archaeological sector, as already happens in many other areas of our daily lives, but we must keep in view the risk of a total submission to Computer archeology itself.And 'necessary, in my opinion, to create a methodology used by an archaeologist and repeatable in any context that can be used without having to follow specific courses in the IT sector.It must be applied in what must be the three basic stages of an archaeological excavation project: research, planning and dissemination.
Massimiliano Montanari
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